Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Web Databases Information Technology Essay In this chapter, the results of initial investigations and analysis carried out in order to determine the requirements that which is needed of the system by its future users, is outlined. Firstly, we take a look at the initial background research and its findings in relation to the topic. Secondly, this chapter then goes on to discuss the methodology and development tools chosen to develop the application. Finally, the requirements specification of the system is outlined including the users requirements both functional and non-functional that have been the guide in the development of the system. 2.1 Background Research and Analysis As part of the initial stages of the project, investigations were carried out into the background of the topic area of web based applications since the application that has been developed is in itself a web-based database application as well as into the possible expectations and needs that users would require of such a system. Besides research in various pieces of literature and the internet, informal interviews were also carried out with users of similar known system, in order to get a better understanding of what users of such a system would come to expect as part of developing a requirements specification. 2.1.1 Background Research Findings Within the last decade, the rapid evolution of the internet has opened the door for organisations to take advantage of its benefits as a means to improve their operating efficiency, lower cost and ultimately give themselves a competitive advantage over their competitors. Web based applications are increasingly being used to handle tasks done by traditional applications such as data storage and transaction applications. With regard to data storage, ****} Being web-based, web applications have significant benefits over their traditional counterparts but with being web based also come many challenges for developers due mainly to their dynamic nature. This is due to rapidly changing technologies, frequent changes of user requirements, and dynamic aspects of the software technologies (Wu Offutt). In development of these applications, developers must ensure that they are very reliable, exhibit very high usability as well as security (Wu Offutt). In comparison to their traditional software counterparts, web applications must be developed to be available at all times; they must be maintainable given the rapid evolution of technology and most importantly, as they are based on the internet, they must be highly scalable to facilitate a global market and ready to grow in terms of servers, services, and customers very quickly. (Wu Offutt) Web-based database applications, being web apps themselves, are no exception. The web as a platform for database systems according to Connelly Begg (2005) can deliver innovative solutions for both inter- and intra- company business operations but also has its disadvantages. Advantages and Disadvantages of Web Databases according to Connelly Begg(2005) Advantages Disadvantages Simplicity: They are easy to develop, as HTML upon which they are based is easy to learn and use. Cross Platform support: Being web-based, they are not confined to any particular OS platform as they are accessible via web browsers. Standardization: With HTML being a standard on all browsers, HTML documents can be read from any machine in the world. Scalable Deployment Reliability: The internet is currently an unreliable and slow communication medium. At times servers can be down and a message may be delayed to be sent. Also at peak time when its is significantly slow. Security: Security is of great concern especially when the organisation makes its databases accessible on the web. Cost Limited Functionality of HTML: Some highly interactive database applications may not be converted easily to web based applications, while still providing the same user friendliness. 2.1.2. Problem Analysis Based on observations from the daily operations of the MIS department with regard to problem tracking, the basic operations can be summarized as shown in the rich picture below*******} 2.1.3. Interview Analysis During the investigation carried out, informal interviews were carried out with individuals who interact with similar systems to the one proposed. The questions used in these interviews can be found in Appendix A. Both individuals who were interviewed use web-based help desk applications that are installed on their respective companys network as an application accessible via web browsers. See figure 1 below for a screenshot of one these applications. FIGURE 1 Unicenter ServicePlus A web based help desk application used by one of the technicians interviewed. While these users describes these ********************} 2.2 Development Methodology Selection of the most appropriate methodology for development is important for the success of the project. This is due to the fact that using an inappropriate methodology can lead to issues such as cost overruns as a result of poor project management, project incompletion or the development of the wrong functionality to incorrect specifications. The methodology selected for the development of the system would be the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This methodology was selected because it is one of the most stable methodologies with minimum risk. Also, the development approach to be used would be that of the Waterfall Life Cycle model which is ideal for inexperienced developers. (Weaver 2004) It was also selected due to its simplicity. The system was modelled with the use of ER Diagrams as well as Use Case diagrams. Use case diagrams were used as they are one of the best modelling tools that give an idea on how the system will operate in relation to how the users would interact with it. It also gives a clear idea of who the users of the system would be and the various views. 2.3 Development Tools Crucial to the development of the application, is the selection of the right programming tools. As such, since the application is a web-based database solution, it was necessary to select the software tool that could be best used as the foundation for the web-based database. The database tools considered were MySQL, MS Access and Oracle Database 10g Express. The table below shows a comparison between these three:- In the end, the database tool selected was Oracle Database 10g Express Edition which was chosen because of its ease to use and learn. Another plus to this application is its web readiness which makes it easy to host online, a crucial requirement for the application once completed. The downside******} 2.4 Requirement Specification The system was developed to support 3 levels of users, namely: Managers General Users Technicians Each Functional Requirements According to Weaver(2004), Functional requirements are those that define in some detail what the system needs to do. The functional requirements from the users point of view are as follows: The General user or Employee should be able to:- Register and Login using Username and Password Authentication Add a problem View Solved Problems Change and Update personal information The Technical Support Manager should be able to:- Login using Username and Password Authentication View and reply to Problems Assign Problems to Technicians Add, Update or Delete System Users View solve problems and add remarks Add or Update Supplier information View Technician details Review Resource History Reset User Passwords View jobs Done The Technician should be able to:- Register and Login using Username and Password Authentication Search and View Problems Assigned View Jobs done View Work Queue Add, Append, Delete Job History Record Work done Update personal information Change password Other Functional Requirements include:- Data This is the lifeline of the system and is therefore one of the most important aspects of the system. The data that the system would use are:- Resources (allocated Hardware and Software) and their unique information such as its serial number, date of purchase, supplier, license details (for software resources), current location (a room number) and the resource type (e.g. Hewlett Packard T540 Imaging Package, or Microsoft Windows XP Professional 2002 Service Pack 1). Problems reported by Employees Information recorded once a job is complete by a technician. Processing This includes the processing of problems reported by Employees, and the allocation of jobs to Technicians based on the problems by the Technical Support Manager. User Interface According to Weaver (2004), the user interface of a system should be: Simple Made for the User Consistent Non-Functional Requirements According to Weaver(2004), non-functional requirements describe the performance and constraints that the system should meet. The non-functional requirements are: Usability: The user interface must be consistent and user friendly while ensuring maximum efficiency while users navigate through the application. Availability: the system must be available at all times during working hours. Access: Users would be restricted according to their user type or level. Users will require a Username and Password to access the system. Capacity: the system must be capable of holding large volumes of data, specifically complaints as well as solutions.

Class-Size Reduction Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Class-Size Reduction    As our country continues to grow, so do our classrooms in which our future is grown. Crowded classrooms can make it difficult for children to learn and can increase stress to pass a class. Reducing class sizes at an early age can "improve student learning" by their being exposed to more one on one attention with a teacher (Class-Size Reduction Program). To achieve this goal, the Class-Size Reduction Program calls for more and better-qualified teachers with more classrooms. Some might see this as a great expense with an increase of taxes. Yet, Congress has already approved $1.3 billion last year to help reduce our schoolsà ­ class sizes. The goal to is to bring down the average size classroom of 25 students to about 18 students per teacher. In those schools that have already taken advantage of this program, students have shown a great deal of improvement in grades and on tests (U.S. Department of Education 1 and 2).   Though expensive, class size reduction is a necessity   because research has shown that children are more successful in learning environments which have fewer students.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1998, Bill Clinton paved the way for the Class-Size Reduction Program when he said "Reducing class size is one of the most important investments we can make in our childrenà ­s future. Recent research confirms what parents have always known. Children learn better in small classes with good teachers, and kids who start out in smaller classes do better right through their high school graduation." (U.S. Department of Education 1) After Clintonà ­s proposal, Congress granted $1.2 billion to help hir... ...ucation. More dollars for fewer students in the classroom and more dollars for new, well trained teachers are key ingredients in the recipe for student success.       Works Cited Class-Size Reduction Program.   http://ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/index.html Class-Size Reduction Program. Myths and Realities. 7 Oct. 2001   http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/myths.html Cohen, Michael, etal. U.S. Department of Education. The Class-Size Reduction Program   September 2000. Flannery, Pat. "Smaller classes come at high cost." The Arizona Republic on the Web 1 Oct. 2003. 8 Oct. 2001. <http://www.arizonarepublic.com/cgi-bin/print.php3> U.S. Department of Education. Final FY 2001 Class Size Reduction State Allocations. 7 October 2003. <http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/ClassSize/CSAllocation/cs-usa.html

Impact Of Globalization And Gaming Anthropology Essay

Video game franchise has taken the universe by storm. It is design to trip human emotion by fulfilling one demand to kill, venting of defeat and choler. Video gambling is used to de-stress, educate and kill clip. Peoples would pass 100s of dollars in the gambling sector and this has make bet oning the primary platform of amusement and life style.1.2 Impact of globalisation and gamblingThe media has played the primary leader in re-shaping our hereafter by forming images on how things should be. Images shown on advertizement, commercials, the screens of magazine and newspaper prove to hold impact and stir up involvement among consumers. Thus, doing media ingestions as a signifier of manual for Life – A usher to populate your life Here, I am doing a typical connexion between the influences of the video game market, game production gross revenues, game demograph and planetary civilization. The major and taking participants in the gambling industry would be the U.S and Japan. Business competition has stir up due to many other states eager to acquire involve and follow the footfall of both large participants. This shows how of import picture gambling industry has become and how it conquers the centre phase of globalisation. It is predicted to posses a immense growing in approaching old ages. Statistics shows a steady yet gradual growing in the gambling sector from the twelvemonth 2002 – 2007 ( image 1.1 ) , catching other media market such as movie and music. Leading franchise, Mario, created in Japan, has yield over 200 games since original release day of the month back in 1981. Mario has so become the official mascot of Nintendo. With aid from the media, everyone from every corner of the universe will cognize who or what is Mario. It has turned itself planetary by its iconic representation of video game. A side from proficient statistics, market has showed typical tendencies. It is obvious how our male opposite number dominant the gambling market but what is more startling is the growing and impact of misss and adult female demoing involvement to this market over the recent old ages. ( Image 1.2 ) In late November, president of Nintendo America, Reggie Fils-Aime presented several informations points sketching the current gender dislocation of console drama in the U.S. Reggie estimations there are 45 million people playing video games as the primary participants in the U.S. Of those, Nintendo is gauging 26 % are female, or approximately 11.7 million. – Wanda Meloni, Gamasutra Factors such as on-line gambling and Personal computer gambling are the cardinal subscriber, particularly with the being of societal networking site such as Twitter and Facebook, Apart from your ordinary 2D-Planes of your computing machine screen, bet oning console took a spring in supplying both sharing and societal networking into their plans. Sharing films, images, music and gambling has ne'er been a zephyr while making it in the comfort of your ain life room. Such experiences have turn into a lifestyle and morphed itself into a planetary civilization. With tool like the Internet, people from all over the universe are able to pass on, portion and larn other civilizations. That is how the being of game production providing to certain civilization and state originate. It is apparent on the gambling box art. ( Image 1.3 )1.2 IssueDespite these positive activities stir up by the gambling market, there are still jobs that need to be addressed. Base on the research I have undergone, it is apparent how gamers or consumers are non cognizant of the approaching games. Surveies that I have done showed about 80 per centum of gamers surveyed are non cognizant of the latest games that are on gross revenues. ( Image 1.4 ) Ad of the games has proved to be unsuccessful. Alas, most consumers who were surveyed claimed they found out about new games releases through word of oral cavity or the Internet. Website such as Gamespot will demo hebdomadal game releases. ( Image 1.5 )2. Bet oning ExperienceYour bosom is crushing out of control ; your custodies are covered in blood, your eyes gazing directly at him, with your finger on the trigger. This is your concluding base, should you open fire? But he is a human being? Will he kill you? Or is this all a dream? The deafening sound of silence abrupt the surrounding, now its putting to death or be killed. You pull the trigger. He lay before you, dead. Before you know it, he easy fades into the background. He disappears. A typical scenario for every gamer who plays combat war game. The lone difference between world and practical world is the vacillation to kill a individual in a game. Virtual world has set emotions broad apart from world. One is more likely to kill a individual in a game comparison to a existent life event. Why has gambling eradicate every emotion in a individual when it comes to killing another participant? Well, the account is simple. No 1 dies in a game. Virtual world is design in a manner that it will feed off most of our emotions without us worrying what are the effects. Unlike world, bet oning allows participants to deliver back their error by re-starting the game. It fascinates me how game design has the ability to make antic ocular effects ; immersive artworks and beautiful environment that consumed one and allow gamers populate their character through computing machine games. Amazing how this planar bring forthing image Lashkar-e-Taiba users escape world and allow them populate a pseudo character. How or what about this traveling images allow us, gamers, experience this out of organic structure experience? How can something that is non physical enable and go forth a memorable marker of its beings in our head.2.1 Case StudyVirtual Guggenheim Museum designed Asymptote has designed a physical practical universe in a infinite. Challenged to interrupt free from the standard web site layout, Guggenheim requested a practical infinite to congratulate its striking New York Museum. Debut as â€Å" a perfect loanblend of electronic infinite and physical infinite † , Hani Rashid claims â€Å" practical infinites are designed with the same attending to detail as existent physical edifices † . The design inspiration comes from the thought of 3-dimensional spacial travelable infinite on the Internet and real-time synergistic elements located at assorted Guggenheim locations. Guggenheim Virtual Museum will be the first practical edifice of the twenty-first century to to the full demo the dealingss of art, infinite, commercialism and architecture. This practical museum will be an ideal infinite to convey art and experience through synergistic digital medium. Component such as the sound, image and dynamic fluid environment unlike any physical infinite are able to react to the way of the user without impeding its contents. As highlighted in image 2.2 and 2.3, galleries construction are wire-framed to underscore on transparence and opacity. This motion is base on where the viewing audiences move in the infinite Ultimately, designers think spatially and where there ‘s a spacial issue we ‘re the 1s trained historically to calculate out how to do people understand and experience the emotional, physical and artistic side of a infinite – Hani Rashid3. Planing Virtual World to RealityTime and infinite does non be in a game. Distance can non be measured and mass can non be weighed. The physical manifestation exists merely if we perceive it. Virtual world is a warped infinite. Through this, I am inspired to plan a lasting exhibition infinite in relation to the bet oning rhythm of life and decease. It is base on the dynamic motion in a game and sing planar visuals into 3-dimensional. This infinite will turn to the issue that was mentioned before ; Promoting and making consciousness to new game releases to the mass. Base on the definition of Utopia, both life and dead infinites will to the full exemplify the place of cloud nine. Some see decease as a Eden while other sees fear in decease. Imagine walking through a infinite that to the full depicts decease as a signifier of Utopia, a Eden and an unforsaken universe that detach itself from world. Walking through a dark narrow transition with nil but the shimmering star that brightens your manner. A journey cipher has of all time experience. A psychological journey that let users see decease in both euphoric and scaring province, far from tranquility. It is a fleeting journey that makes users of the infinite ponder and reflect upon their ain wellbeing The design attack is divided into three primary journey, world, life and decease. World is design to be grounded to the land in which illustrates how our lives are tie down to our beliefs. Life is depicted to be vibrating in between decease. While decease is describe as the reply to our full inquiry in life and world that were left unreciprocated. Death infinite is design to overview the whole infinite. Designs utilizing three manner planes, the planes are a representation of life, decease and world. It consist of lines overlapping each other, picturing how life, decease and world overlapping each other to organize and make dimensions, deepness, gravitation and volumes. All this planes will unify into one nucleus country that illustrates the gambling rhythm. The different hierarchy of infinites and planes creates a weaving journey that makes users move in and out of infinites.3.1 Life and Death Cycle Through DesignThe journey begins with two entrywaies that were place base on the human traffic waies. ( Image 4.1 ) As you walk through the narrow way of the dimly lighted surrounding, you are greeted by this monolithic, countrified metallic construction that seemed to be vibrating. Struck with wonder, you ca n't assist but to venture into this foreign, alienated infinite that awaits you. As you walk in through the narrow tunnel, you could hear the surrounding of the environment starts to hush down. Suddenly, the pleasant sound of silence hits you, the idea of a broken clock gives birth to tranquility and an flight from world you ‘ve been waiting for. It feels as if you are in a different universe where clip does non be. A long flight of glass stairway awaits you on the other terminal of the tunnel. ( Image 4.2 ) With unstable picking on the stairss, you climb the flight of stepss inquiring where it will take you excessively. The sight of the stairway seems eternal. You ne'er know what it is like to walk on glass. It feels as if you ‘re vibrating on the glass stairway as you see stranger mounting the stairway on the other side of the glass wall. ( Image 4.3 ) You stop mid-way through the journey as you feel the passage of infinite varies from where you were from. The environing becomes vast as you see the exterior environment of the infinite. Travel further up, you be greeted with a dark narrow infinite. You question your surrounding and it eventually struck you that you ‘re in a gambling environment. The metal countrified wall, the visible radiations, the intense bold feeling you get from the dimly lighted infinite that is clothed with pierced metal walls makes you experience as if you ‘re in a combat scientific discipline fiction game. From the perforated wall, you could see the people outside the infinite. Alas, the people from the other side of the wall could non see what is go oning in the infinite. As you bask into the environment and take a new control of your journey, you see another stairway. Wondering where it will travel, you decide to take the opportunity and continue down the stairss. As you place your terms, one pes at a clip, you realised you are detached from the pervious infinite. You are back to world. ( Image 4.5 ) It feels as if you ‘re taking a interruption from an alter world infinite and the determination for you to plunge back into gambling or acquire back to world is left unreciprocated in this infinite you are presently at. As you explore the infinite, you stumble upon another stairway hidden behind this monolithic construction, taking you to the land floor. You decide to continue down the stairway. You are back to world and continue on with your day-to-day life.4. DecisionAssorted positions on impact of globalisation and gambling have been presented. It shows how gaming can alter 1s civilization and behavior but finally, the bet oning experience one indulge in is nil comparison to world. It helps get away world for that spur minute. This Lashkar-e-Taiba one rejuvenate themselves and go on on with life, merely like how bet oning enable us to re-start a game when we failed to finish certain undertaking. This design will assist to make consciousness of the being of gambling and its impact on a physical base. Therefore, helps both gamers and production companies set up a more outstanding relationship with its consumers. It is non the feeling ; it is the experience that counts.

Literary Criticism of Tell-Tale Heart - 2108 Words

Lam 1 Bethany Lam Mrs. Patrick American Literature 22 December 2009 Literary Analysis and Criticism of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Human beings have all experienced guilt, the consequence of committing a wrong, and the manipulation it has on decisions. In the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe demonstrates the theme that guilt is strong and has the power to overcome conscience; he uses characterization, the conflict, and symbolism to communicate this message. The characterization of the narrator most clearly shows this theme. In addition to Poe’s use of characterization, his decision to show the struggle the narrator endures with himself reveals the causes of the narrator to succumb to his guilt. The use of symbolism†¦show more content†¦The narrator’s reasons for killing the old man provide as much trivial proof of his sanity as his precautions do. The narrator â€Å"has no rational reason for wanting to kill the old man† (Chua 1). He declares to have desired to kill the ol d man as to rid himself of the old man’s vulture eye. The description of the old man’s eye as that of a vulture is the narrator’s attempt to defend his actions by comparing himself to a vulnerable being defenseless to an unsightly scavenger. The narrator claims, â€Å"Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye!† (Poe 1). The narrator declares love for the old man whom he brutally murdered and dismembered, chuckling at his cleverness in doing so. In an effort to divide the person of the old man from the old man’s allegedly evil eye, which prompts the narrator’s hatred, the narrator discloses his insanity. This delusional partition allows the narrator to be oblivious to the irony of claiming to have loved his victim. 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